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Knowledge Base

Learn the rules in two minutes, not two hours.

Short, plain-language explainers on GST, income tax, TDS, payroll and company compliance, written by MK Finlytics for small businesses and individuals.

Did you know?
Since 22 September 2025, most goods and services carry GST of either 5% or 18%.Under the new regime there is no income tax up to ₹12 lakh of taxable income.E-verify your ITR within 30 days, or it isn't treated as filed.TDS deducted in March can be deposited until 30 April.An e-way bill is needed to move goods worth more than ₹50,000.Udyam (MSME) registration is completely free on the government portal.Since 22 September 2025, most goods and services carry GST of either 5% or 18%.Under the new regime there is no income tax up to ₹12 lakh of taxable income.E-verify your ITR within 30 days, or it isn't treated as filed.TDS deducted in March can be deposited until 30 April.An e-way bill is needed to move goods worth more than ₹50,000.Udyam (MSME) registration is completely free on the government portal.
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GST

Do I need GST registration?

Registration is required once turnover crosses ₹40 lakh for goods or ₹20 lakh for services (₹20 lakh and ₹10 lakh in special category states).

Key points
  • Inter-state sellers of goods and e-commerce sellers usually need it whatever their turnover
  • Registration is free on the GST portal and gives you a 15-character GSTIN
  • Charging GST without registration, or trading above the limit without it, attracts penalties
GST

GSTR-1 vs GSTR-3B

GSTR-1 lists your sales invoices. GSTR-3B is the monthly summary where you pay the tax.

Key points
  • Monthly filers: GSTR-1 by the 11th, GSTR-3B by the 20th of the next month
  • Small taxpayers can opt for QRMP and file quarterly, paying monthly
  • Late filing means late fees plus 18% interest on unpaid tax
GST

When can I claim input tax credit?

You can claim GST paid on purchases when the supplier's invoice appears in your GSTR-2B.

Key points
  • You must have received the goods or services and hold a valid tax invoice
  • The supplier must have filed their return and paid the tax
  • Claim it before 30 November after the year ends, or the annual return date if earlier
GST

What is an e-way bill?

An electronic permit needed before moving goods worth more than ₹50,000.

Key points
  • Generate it on ewaybillgst.gov.in before the goods leave
  • Validity depends on distance, roughly one day per 200 km for normal cargo
  • Some states set different limits for movement within the state
GST

Is e-invoicing compulsory for me?

Yes, if your aggregate turnover in any year since 2017-18 crossed ₹5 crore.

Key points
  • Each B2B invoice is reported to the e-invoice portal and gets an IRN and QR code
  • An invoice without an IRN can block your buyer's input tax credit
  • Tally, Zoho Books and most billing software can generate it automatically
GST

What are the GST rates now?

Since 22 September 2025 most items fall under two rates, 5% and 18%, with 40% on a short list of luxury and sin goods.

Key points
  • The old 12% and 28% slabs were folded into 5% and 18%
  • Some essentials remain exempt; check the rate for your HSN code
  • Update your item master, invoices and price lists
Income Tax

New regime or old regime?

Under the new regime there's no tax up to ₹12 lakh of taxable income (₹12.75 lakh for salaried people).

Key points
  • The old regime still allows deductions such as 80C (up to ₹1.5 lakh), 80D and HRA
  • Salaried people can choose either regime every year when filing
  • Run both in our calculator: if your deductions are large, the old regime can still win
Income Tax

Do I need to pay advance tax?

Yes, if your total tax for the year will be ₹10,000 or more after TDS.

Key points
  • Pay 15% by 15 June, 45% by 15 September, 75% by 15 December and 100% by 15 March
  • Paying late or too little attracts interest
  • Resident senior citizens with no business income don't need to pay it
Income Tax

When is my ITR due?

31 July for most individuals and small businesses, and 31 October for those who need a tax audit.

Key points
  • Missed it? A belated return can usually be filed by 31 December, with a late fee
  • E-verify within 30 days of filing, or the return isn't treated as filed
  • Refunds are processed only after verification
Income Tax

What are AIS and Form 26AS?

Your tax passbook: they show the TDS, interest, dividends and high-value transactions reported against your PAN.

Key points
  • Download both from the e-filing portal before you file
  • Match every figure with your own records
  • If something is wrong, submit feedback on the AIS itself
Income Tax

How are gains on shares taxed?

On listed shares and equity funds, long-term gains above ₹1.25 lakh a year are taxed at 12.5% and short-term gains at 20%.

Key points
  • Long term means held for more than 12 months for listed equity
  • Losses can be carried forward for 8 years if you file on time
  • Debt funds and property follow different rules
Income Tax

Presumptive tax for small businesses

Declare profit as a fixed share of turnover instead of keeping full books.

Key points
  • Businesses up to ₹2 crore turnover (₹3 crore if cash receipts are within 5%) declare 8%, or 6% of digital receipts
  • Professionals up to ₹50 lakh (₹75 lakh with mostly digital receipts) declare 50%
  • Once you opt out, you generally can't come back for the next five years
TDS

TDS in four steps

Deduct, deposit, file and certify: the cycle every business that pays salary, rent, contractors or professionals must follow.

Key points
  • Deposit TDS by the 7th of the next month (30 April for March)
  • File quarterly returns: 24Q for salaries, 26Q for other payments
  • Issue Form 16 to employees by 15 June and Form 16A quarterly
Payroll

When do PF and ESI apply?

EPF applies once you have 20 or more employees. ESI applies at 10 or more for staff earning up to ₹21,000 a month.

Key points
  • Deposit both by the 15th of the next month
  • PF is usually 12% of basic pay from the employee, matched by the employer
  • ESI is 0.75% from the employee and 3.25% from the employer
Company & LLP

Annual filings for companies and LLPs

Every company and LLP files annual returns with the Registrar, even with no business that year.

Key points
  • Companies hold the AGM by 30 September, then file AOC-4 within 30 days and MGT-7 within 60 days
  • LLPs file Form 11 by 30 May and Form 8 by 30 October
  • Directors file DIR-3 KYC by 30 September; late fees run per day
Business Setup

Udyam (MSME) registration

Free, online, Aadhaar-based registration that unlocks MSME benefits.

Key points
  • Micro: investment up to ₹2.5 crore and turnover up to ₹10 crore
  • Small: up to ₹25 crore and ₹100 crore. Medium: up to ₹125 crore and ₹500 crore
  • Benefits include priority lending and protection against payments delayed beyond 45 days

Rules as of October 2026. Limits and dates change with budgets and notifications, so check the latest official update or ask us before acting.

Glossary

Jargon, decoded

24 terms you'll meet on tax and compliance portals.

AIS
Annual Information Statement: the income-tax record of your income and transactions.
CIN
Corporate Identity Number given to every company on incorporation.
DIN
Director Identification Number, needed to become a company director.
DSC
Digital Signature Certificate used to sign filings on MCA and tax portals.
EPF
Employees' Provident Fund: retirement savings funded by employee and employer.
ESI
Employees' State Insurance: health cover for lower-paid employees.
Form 26AS
Statement of tax deducted, collected and paid against your PAN.
GSTIN
15-character GST registration number, unique to each state registration.
GSTR-2B
Auto-drafted monthly statement of input tax credit available to you.
HSN
Harmonised code that classifies goods for GST rates and invoices.
IRN
Invoice Reference Number generated for each e-invoice.
ITC
Input tax credit: GST paid on purchases, set off against GST on sales.
LLP
Limited Liability Partnership: partnership with limited liability for partners.
MCA
Ministry of Corporate Affairs, which runs company and LLP filings.
PAN
Permanent Account Number, the 10-character income-tax ID.
QRMP
Quarterly return, monthly payment scheme for smaller GST taxpayers.
RCM
Reverse charge: the buyer, not the seller, pays the GST.
ROC
Registrar of Companies, where annual and event filings are made.
SAC
Services Accounting Code: the HSN equivalent for services.
TAN
Tax Deduction Account Number, required to deduct and deposit TDS.
TCS
Tax collected at source by certain sellers and e-commerce operators.
TDS
Tax deducted at source by the payer before paying you.
UAN
Universal Account Number that follows an employee's PF across jobs.
Udyam
Government registration that certifies a business as an MSME.
FAQs

Straight answers to common questions

Can't find yours? We'll answer it and add it here.

Do I need to register for GST?

Registration is required once aggregate turnover crosses ₹40 lakh for goods or ₹20 lakh for services in most states (₹20 lakh and ₹10 lakh in special category states). E-commerce sellers and inter-state suppliers of goods generally need registration regardless of turnover.

What's the difference between MIS and financial statements?

Financial statements are formal reports prepared for statutory purposes, usually once a year. MIS reports are internal, prepared monthly or weekly, and built around the decisions you need to make, such as margins by product, receivables ageing or cash runway.

Which income-tax law applies now?

The Income-tax Act, 2025 applies from 1 April 2026 and renumbers many sections, but the familiar deductions and limits largely carry over. Returns for earlier years still follow the 1961 Act.

How does MK Finlytics use AI with my data?

AI reads invoices, categorises transactions and matches records, so people spend time reviewing rather than typing. A professional checks every output before anything is filed, and your data is used only for your work.

Can you file my returns if I'm outside Delhi?

Yes. Everything works online: you share documents by WhatsApp, email or the upcoming client portal, and we file on the official portals for you.